皂素清洁生产工艺的研究(Ⅰ)

黄姜淀粉经过!-淀粉酶液化,加糖化酶和酵母进行边糖化边发酵生产酒精。发酵后黄姜渣用酸水解法提取薯蓣皂素。黄姜淀粉利用率为86.30%,耗酸量为传统工艺的55%,废水的总COD比传统工艺减少了60.25%,皂素收率比传统工艺提高20.37%。     

ABR工艺预处理木薯酒糟废水的工程应用

木薯酒糟废水有机物浓度高、悬浮物含量大、pH呈酸性、可生化性能较差 ,通常直接采用固液分离—厌氧 (UASB)—好氧曝气生化法处理效果并不理想 ,而采用ABR工艺进行厌氧水解酸化预处理木薯酒糟废水迄今为止未见报道。经绵阳市酒厂废水治理工程证明 ,强化ABR预处理工序是保证后续处理措施能否正常运行的关键     

共生细菌SB1降解聚乙烯醇的研究Ⅱ．共生细菌SB1聚乙烯醇氧化酶的产生、纯

共生细菌ＳＢ１接种在０．３％聚乙烯醇培养堪中，３０℃摇床振荡培养或发酵罐通气培养时，ＰＶＡ氧化酶产生的高峰在４８ｈ或４０ｈ。离心收集的上清液采用４０％－５０％饱和度的硫酸铵分级沉淀ＤＥＡＤ－Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ离子交换柱和Ｃｉｂａｃｒｏｎ蓝Ｓ－Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ亲和柱层析等纯化步骤。ＰＶＡ氧化酶收得率３０％，比活力提高３０倍。     

废水中GaAs、Ga3+、Ge4+对活性污泥脱氢酶的影响及其抑制动力学

以活性污泥脱氢酶的活性作为毒性指标,研究了半导体材料GaAs、Ga³⁺、Ge⁴⁺对活性污泥活性的抑制影响,并用Hg²⁺作为参比材料;同时对抑制动力学也作了初步研究。实验表明,GaAs、Ga³⁺、Ge⁴⁺及Hg²⁺的10％抑制浓度分别为45.00,371.63,0.13ppm/gMLSS,GaAs、Ga³⁺、Ge⁴⁺和Hg²     

相对速率法测氯原子与一系列低碳醇的反应速率常数

在 2 92± 1K温度和 1 0 1× 10 5Pa压力下 ,以丙烷为参照物 ,采用相对速率方法测定了一系列醇与氯原子在气相中的反应速率常数 ,这些醇与氯的反应速率常数分别为 (单位 :10 7m3·mol-1·s-1) :甲醇k1=3 2 9,乙醇k2 =6 14,正丙醇k3=8 97,异丙醇k4 =4 0 0 ,正丁醇k5=11 7,异丁醇k6=12 5 ,叔丁醇k7=2 0 5 ,正戊醇k8=15 8,异戊醇k9=12 3     

含PVA印染废水的生化动力学研究及其应用

通过对含有聚乙烯醇(PVA)印染废水的生化降解动力学的研究,确定表征微生物生长繁殖、自身氧化等的动力学参数,以此作为生化处理工艺设计的重要依据,使之更符合废水的水质特点,从而提高处理效率;同时,通过掌握其处理过程的规律,为工艺管理、运行效果预测,提供比较明确的控制量。     

镉铅对小麦醇脱氢酶(ADH)基因表达影响的初步研究

经过镉，铅４５ｈ污染处理，运用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｉｎ斑点杂分析和酶活性测定的方法探测萌发期小麦ＡＤＨ酶基因的表达情况。实验结果表明，ＡＤＨ基因表达在ＲＮＡ和酶活性两个层次均有变化，并且呈现相似的变化趋势，反映得金属的影响是来源于基因转录水平。     

Starch, Poly(lactic acid), and Poly(vinyl alcohol) Blends

Research on biodegradable materials has been stimulated due to concern regarding the persistence of plastic wastes. Blending starch with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is one of the most promising efforts because starch is an abundant and cheap biopolymer and PLA is biodegradable with good mechanical properties. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) contains unhydrolytic residual groups of poly(vinyl acetate) and also has good compatibility with starch. It was added to a starch and PLA blend (50:50, w/w) to enhance compatibility and improve mechanical properties. PVOH (M_W 6,000) at 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% (by weight) based on the total weight of starch and PLA, and 30% PVOH at various molecular weights (M_W 6,000, 25,000, 78,000, and 125,000 dalton) were added to starch/PLA blends. PVOH interacted with starch. At proportions greater than 30%, PVOH form a continuous phase with starch. Tensile strength of the starch/PLA blends increased as PVOH concentration increased up to 40% and decreased as PVOH molecular weight increased. The increasing molecular weight of PVOH slightly affected water absorption, but increasing PVOH concentration to 40% or 50% increased water absorption. Effects of moisture content on the starch/PLA/PVOH blend also were explored. The blend containing gelatinized starch had higher tensile strength. However, gelatinized starch also resulted in increased water absorption.     

Starch- polyvinyl alcohol crosslinked film— performance and biodegradation

Starch-PVOH cast films were prepared with and without crosslinking agent (hexamethoxymethylmelamine) in the absence of plasticizer. Moisture absorption in films without crosslinking agent at a low relative humidity was similar to that of PVOH and increased as the relative humidity increased. Films with crosslinking agent showed moisture absorption linearly proportional to the relative humidity. Significant improvement in resistance to water disintegration for crosslinked starch-PVOH films was observed. While the tensile strength decreased with increased relative humidity, crosslinking significantly improved the tensile strength. Increased PVOH content improved elongation of films even when the relative humidity was 80% or higher. Biodegradation studies revealed that the degradation rate was negatively correlated with the PVOH content in films and crosslinking generated more converged degradation curves. Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also be suitable.     

Fenton法氧化降解聚乙烯醇的机制

为深入了解Fenton法氧化降解聚乙烯醇（PVA）的机制，通过考察反应过程中COD、BOD5、总有机碳及pH等随反应时间的变化，研究了聚乙烯醇Fenton氧化降解过程的特点，结果表明，当PVA被Fenton试剂氧化时，可生成大量CO2，同时生成酸性中间产物。进一步分析认为，当Fenton试剂中H2O2不足景时PVA氧化的中间产物以醛为主，而当H2O2足量时醛会被继续氧化生成有机酸，最终COD去除率达到80％。